Polyacrylonitrile Fiber: A Critical Material in High-Performance Applications
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber is a synthetic polymer fiber made from acrylonitrile monomers. Known for its strength, chemical resistance, thermal stability, and lightweight nature, PAN fibers are widely used across diverse industries including textiles, carbon fiber production, filtration, and protective apparel.
Chemical Structure and Production
PAN is a linear polymer composed primarily of acrylonitrile units (CH₂=CH–CN). The fibers are produced through solution spinning or melt spinning, followed by drawing and heat treatment to align the polymer chains and enhance performance properties.
Key Applications of PAN Fiber
Carbon Fiber PrecursorPAN is the dominant precursor material for high-performance carbon fibers, accounting for over 90% of the global carbon fiber production. After undergoing oxidation and carbonization at high temperatures, PAN-based carbon fibers exhibit:
High tensile strength
Light weight
Exceptional fatigue and corrosion resistanceThese fibers are critical in aerospace, automotive, wind energy, and sports equipment.
Textiles and ApparelPAN fibers are used as acrylic fibers in:
Cold-weather clothing (due to wool-like feel and insulation)
Home furnishings such as carpets, upholstery, and blankets
Knitwear and outdoor gear
Protective and Flame-Resistant ClothingWhen modified with comonomers and additives, PAN fibers gain flame-retardant properties, making them suitable for military uniforms, firefighting suits, and industrial safety gear.